What are the factors that affect surface roughness in CNC machining?

        1. The influence of cutting force and conflict force in CNC machining. During the machining of precision parts, the general kneading and conflict between the fillet of the cutting edge of the tool and the workpiece may cause plastic deformation of the metal material, resulting in deformation of the existing residual area or deepening of the groove. At this time, the surface roughness when machining brittle materials Increase, the scraps are cut into broken particles, and the surface after processing often has traces of particle collapse, leaving many pits, making the surface rough.
       2. The influence of debris accumulation. When the tool cuts plastic at a certain speed, some small particles on the chip will adhere to the tip of the rake face, forming a high-hardness accumulation edge, which can replace the rake face and cutting edge cutting. When the conflict between the chip and the stacking edge is greater than the cold welding strength of the stacking edge and the rake face, or when subjected to shock or vibration, the stacking edge will fall off, thereby gradually producing a new upper edge in the future. The formation, growth, and shedding of burrs can seriously affect the surface roughness of a part.
       3. The role of scales. During the cutting process, due to the collision and cold welding of the chips on the cutting surface during the machining of precision parts, the chips will regularly stay on the rake face, thereby kneading the newly machined surface. In severe cases, the exterior may tear and scales form on the exterior surface, making the surface rough and uneven.
        Due to the influence of the above physical factors on the roughness, in order to reduce the surface roughness, in addition to reducing the plastic deformation caused by the cutting force, the accumulation of tumors and oxide scales during the machining of precision parts should also be reduced. avoid. The primary process method is to select the cutting speed that is not easy to produce thorns, improve the cutting performance of the material, and choose the cutting fluid correctly.
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